What is the primary raw material used by mini-mills for steel production?

Iron ore Scrap steel Coke Limestone

Why is the pricing power of steel companies limited?

High production costs Government regulations Steel being a commodity Lack of innovation

What is a common measure taken by steel companies to control emissions and promote sustainability?

Using renewable energy sources Reducing production capacity Installing Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS) Importing raw materials

What is a key driver for steelmakers to own their logistics infrastructure?

Increased market share Improved brand reputation Potential cost savings Enhanced customer satisfaction

What is a major challenge for the steel industry in terms of future demand?

Increasing raw material prices Growing popularity of alternative materials The world using steel more efficiently Lack of skilled labor

What is a significant factor contributing to the limited supply of scrap steel?

Low demand for recycled steel High cost of scrap collection Increased efficiency in steel product designs Government restrictions on scrap trading

How do steelmakers attempt to improve profit margins in a commodity market?

By reducing production costs By focusing on value-added products By lobbying for government subsidies By forming cartels to control prices

What is a characteristic of steelmaking as a business?

Labor-intensive Technology-driven Asset-heavy Low-skilled workforce

What is a major cost center for steelmakers?

Marketing and advertising Research and development Power and fuel Employee salaries

What is the likely impact of the circular economy on the steel industry?

Increased demand for new steel products Reduced reliance on recycled steel Higher production costs Increased share of recycling