2008 ke aas-paas US Federal Government ne bade paimane par government bonds kharidna aur quantitative easing measures shuru kyu kiye? 🏦🆘 Option: Great Depression ki wajah se, Global Financial Crisis ki wajah se, COVID-19 Pandemic ki wajah se, Dotcom Bubble ki wajah se

**Global Financial Crisis ki wajah se** bilkul sahi jawab hai! 🌍💥 2008 mein kya hua tha: - US housing market crash ho gaya 🏠💔 - Poori duniya ki economy par bura asar pada - Federal Reserve ne emergency measures liye Quantitative Easing (QE) kya tha: - Government bonds aur doosre securities kharidna - Market mein paisa daalna - Interest rates ko kam karna Iska maksad: - Economy ko boost karna - Financial markets ko stabilize karna Ye situation aisi thi jaise ghar mein aag lagi ho aur firefighters paani ki tanki lekar aa gaye ho! 🚒💦 Federal Reserve ne economy ko bachaane ke liye har mumkin koshish ki.

Arre baap re! TARP ne to poore America ko hila ke rakh diya tha! 😱💸 TARP yani **Troubled Asset Relief Program** - ye 2008 mein jab America ki economy doobne lagi thi, tab US government ne launch kiya tha. Kitna bada tha ye plan? - **700 arab dollar** ka maha-bailout! 🤯 - Itne paise mein to aap 700 Ambani bana sakte ho! Iska maksad kya tha? - Banks aur financial institutions ko dubne se bachana 🏦 - Economy ko stable karna 📊 - Aam logon ke paise ko surakshit rakhna 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Ye plan ek tarah se economy ka 'jugaad' tha - jaise hum puncture thik karne ke liye feviQuick lagate hain, waise hi! 😄🛠️ Par yaad rakhna, har jugaad perfect nahi hota. TARP ke baare mein bhi bahut debate hui thi. Kuch kehte hain ye zaroori tha, kuch kehte hain ye paiso ki barbadi thi. 🤔💬

**Bhai, RBI fiscal deficit ke mamle mein aise kaam karta hai jaise mummy ghar ka budget sambhalti hai - directly nahi, par influence zaroor karta hai!** 👩‍👧‍👦💰 RBI ka game plan: * **Monetary policy ka jaadu:** Interest rates, reserve requirements, aur open market operations se khel khelte hain * **Indirect impact:** Yeh sab cheezein borrowing costs, inflation, aur overall economy ko affect karti hain * **Fiscal deficit pe asar:** Government ki borrowing needs aur fiscal deficit indirectly influence hote hain **Yaad rakhna:** * RBI directly tax nahi lagata, na hi government ka kharcha control karta hai * Government bonds issue karna Finance Ministry ka kaam hai, RBI ka nahi * RBI ka main focus economy ko stable rakhna hota hai **Mazedaar baat:** RBI governor to economy ka DJ hai - sahi beats set karta hai taki fiscal deficit ka naach control mein rahe! 🎧💃

Arre bhai, ye MBS kya hai? Samjho aise: - Ye ek tarah ka **financial jugaad** hai jisme bahut saare home loans ko mix karke ek naya investment product banaya jaata hai 🏘️🔀💰 - Jaise ki aap sabzi ka mix banate ho, waise hi ye log loans ka mix banate hain - Isme invest karne waale log in loans se milne wale interest aur principal payments pe apna haq jataate hain **Khaas baatein:** - **Asli Maal:** Iska value ghar ke loans se aata hai - **Securitization:** Loans ko ek saath pack karke bechne ka tarika - **Risk aur Return:** Interest rates aur loan repayments pe depend karta hai Yaad rakhna, MBS se paise kamane ke chakkar mein 2008 mein duniya ka financial system hi hil gaya tha! 😱 So, samajh ke invest karna!

FERA se FEMA tak ka safar, ye toh India ke economic **makeover** ki kahani hai! 💇‍♂️💅 - **FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act)** 1973 mein aaya: * Ye tha ek strict uncle ji 👨‍🦳🧐 * Foreign exchange ko itna control karta tha, jaise koi last slice of pizza ho! - **FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act)** 1999 mein aaya: * Ye hai ek cool dude 😎🤘 * Kehta hai, 'Chill bro, thoda relax ho jao' FEMA ne kya kiya? * **Foreign trade aur payments ko promote** kiya * **Foreign exchange market ko develop** karne mein madad ki Ye shift dikha raha tha ki India ab global economy mein **full swag** ke saath enter karne ko taiyar hai! 🌍🚀 Toh, FERA se FEMA tak ka safar matlab - India ne apne economic darwaze khol diye, aur kaha 'Come in, the party's just getting started!' 🎉💰

**High Credit Risk Instruments** ke baare mein ye important points: - Credit rating **AA se neeche** hona high risk ka sign hai - Credit risk yaani **borrower ke default karne ka chance** - Credit rating agencies ratings deti hain (jaise AAA, AA, A, BBB, etc.) - Lower rating = Higher default probability Yaad rakhne wali baatein: - High risk instruments usually **higher interest rates** offer karte hain - Ye **compensation** hota hai investors ko zyada risk lene ke liye - Government bonds usually **low risk** hote hain (lekin har case mein nahi) Investment karte waqt credit ratings zaroor check karein. Kam rating = Zyada return, lekin zyada risk bhi! 🎢💸